The Instruments

The Parent Behavior Checklist (PBC) is a self-reporting instrument designed for parents with children 1-4 years years old. The instrument, which only takes 10-20 minutes to complete, provides expectations, nurturing, and discipline subscales.

The Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI) is an instrument for parents to assess their relationship with their children. The instrument, which contains 78 items, has been standardized on over 1,100 parents in the United States.

The Parent Education Profile (PEP) is a 75-item observation instrument that measures 15 subdomains. The instrument, which is designed for children from birth to 8 years old, measures parents' behavior related to children's literacy skills.

The Parent-Infant Relational Assessment Tool (PIRAT) is an observation instrument that rates parent-child interactions for children ages birth to 2 years. The PIRAT measures optimal parental behavior and can be used as a risk assessment by health professionals. The instrument was developed as part of the Parent-Infant Project at the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families.

The Parent Reading Belief Inventory (PRBI) is a self-reporting instrument that assess parents' beliefs about the frequency, quality, and importance of their child's literacy activities. The 42-item instrument provides seven subscales: positive affect, verbal participation, resources, teaching efficacy, knowledge base, environmental input, and reading instruction.

The Parent Success Indicator (PSI) is a self-reporting instrument that assess parental behavior, specifically related to communication, use of time, teaching, frustration, satisfaction, and information needs. The PSI is designed for parents with children 10-14 years of age and offers a child survey as well.

The Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO™) is an observation instrument that covers four parenting behavior domains: affection, responsiveness, encouragement, and teaching. The instrument is designed for children from 10 months to 4 years old and is available in both English and Spanish.

The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) is a self-reporting instrument that measures and assesses parent self-efficacy. The instrument, designed for parents with children birth-17 years of age, was originally developed by Gibaud-Wallston and Wandersman (1978) with skill knowledge and value competence subscales but has been translated and revised by Johnston and Marsh (1989) for use with older children.

The Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers, or PARCC, mathematics assessments are assessments based on the Common Core State Standards (CCSS). The PARCC mathematics assessments include a variety of tasks that measure students' learning of the mathematical content and practice standards for their grade level or course of study. As of 2020, 2 states, Washington D.C., the Department of Defense Education Activity, and the Bureau of Indian Education were using PARCC.

PALS is used to investigate the relationship between a student's learning environment and their affect, motivation, and behavior. It consists of both a student scale and a teacher scale. The student scale investigates personal achievement goal orientations, perceptions of teacher goals, perceptions of the goal structures in the classroom, achievement related beliefs, and perceptions of parents and home life. The teacher scale investigates perceptions of goal structures in the school, goal-related approaches to instruction, and personal teaching efficacy.  Subscore(s): Learning environments, Achievement beliefs

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The PPVT-5 is an individually administered measure of receptive vocabulary based on words in Standard American English sold by Pearson.

The PCK SR-Bio (Pedagogical Content Knowledge Self-Report for Biology) is a survey scale designed to assess teachers’ self-perceived knowledge of how to effectively teach biology concepts. It measures dimensions of pedagogical content knowledge, including understanding of students’ misconceptions, instructional strategies, curriculum design, and assessment methods specific to biology education. It contains 16 items, and focuses on pre-service middle and high school teachers.

The Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Biology Inventory (PCK-IBI) is a 34-item assessment with a mix of closed-ended and open-ended items. It was designed to measure the content knowledge of pre-service biology teachers (secondary level). It is made up of the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), Subject Matter Knowledge (SMK), Nature of Science (NOS), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Self-concept related to PCK, Beliefs in knowledge transmission, and Beliefs in cognitive construction.

Play Interaction is an indication of children’s play strengths and includes such behaviors as comforting and helping other children, showing creativity in play, and encouraging others to join play. Play Disruption describes aggressive, antisocial behaviors that interfere with on-going peer play interactions. Play Disconnection reflects withdrawn behavior and nonparticipation in peer play. "Play is an important vehicle for children’s social, emotional, and cognitive development, as well as a reflection of their development” (Bredekamp & Copple, 1997 p. 6). Derives information on young children’s social competence, in context (Fantuzzo, Sutton‐Smith, Coolahan, Manz, Canning, & Debnam, 1995; McWayne, Sekino, Hampton, & Fantuzzo, 2002).

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

Perceptions, Expectations, Emotions, and Knowledge about College (PEEK) is a diagnostic instrument focused on student ideas, attitudes, beliefs, and expectations of college. PEEK’s 30 items use a 5-point rating scale (from “not at all likely” to “extremely likely”) to assess students’ academic, personal, and social expectations. Such measurement could potentially assist students in forming more precise perceptions of their college surroundings and potentially prevent disengagement and dropout from college.

Year developed:1995.

The Personal and Academic Self-Concept Inventory (PASCI) measures self-concept and social anxiety. Subscore(s): There are seven subscores: (1) Self regard (2) Social acceptance (3) Self-concept of math ability (4) Self-concept of verbal ability (5) Physical appearance (6) Physical ability (7) Social anxiety

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

This tool was designed for self-reflection. It should not be used to evaluate performance. Principals, administrators, SEL team members, and staff members can use it to assess their personal strengths and think about how they can model those strengths when interacting with others. The tool also offers prompts that encourage thinking about strategies to promote growth across areas of social competence.

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Personal Skills Map (PSM) is designed for individuals to self-assess key personal, interpersonal, life, and career skills essential to performance, healthy relationships, personal productivity, career success, and health. The PSM can be used in human resource development and education programs, consultation, training in business and industry, management development, and self-directed learning. Subscore(s): There are 14 subscores: (1) Self-esteem (2) Interpersonal assertion (3) Interpersonal awareness (4) Empathy (5) Drive strength/Motivation (6) Decisionmaking (7) Time management (8) Sales orientation/Leadership (9) Commitment ethic (10) Stress management (11) Physical wellness (12) Interpersonal aggression (13) Interpersonal deference (14) Personal change orientation

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The PPA scale is an individually administered assessment of phonological and print awareness. The examiner reads items from an easel stimulus book, and the examinee provides nonverbal responses.

The Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening (PALS) is a tool that focuses on fundamental literacy skills. The assessment offers instruments for PreK-3,with a Spanish version available as well. PALS is the state-provided screening assessment for Virginia's Early Intervention Reading Initiative (EIRI). PALS Plus can be used for grades 4-8.

The Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale assesses self-concept in children and adolescents. It can be used as a research tool, to monitor change in self-concept over time, and as a screening tool for identifying individuals who need further testing or treatment. Subscore(s): (1) Behavioral adjustment (2) Intellectual and school status (3) Physical appearance and attributes (4) Freedom from anxiety (5) Popularity (6) Happiness and satisfaction

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Playground Observation of Peer Engagement (POPE) is an observation-based instrument measuring children‘s engagement in activities and with peers in naturalistic environments. It focuses on the time children spend in various engagement states and the frequency of their social engagement states and behaviors (games and conversations, parallel play, observing others, and solitary play). 

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

This tool can be used to measure change in PYD from the start of a program to the end.

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The PYDSQ was developed to model pathways of positive youth development and can be used for the planning and development of interventions and youth programs. Subscore(s): (1) Competence (2) Connection (3) Character (4) Confidence (5) Caring

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

This scale is meant to be used as a self-reporting tool to assess the impacts of positive youth development programs. These programs are meant to provide opportunities for youth to increase their skills, abilities, and interests in positive activities. This scale was created for both domestic and international use. This scale was based on the PYDI (Arnold et al.) but adjusted with items removed and a construct to measure happiness added. Subscore(s): Development

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The postsecondary education-going knowledge (PEG-K) scale developed by Martinez et al. (2017) focuses on the knowledge of various requirements for applying and enrolling in college. PEG-K has 46 true-false questions on three domains: access, preparedness/readiness, and affordability. In a sample of 163 students, PEG-K’s alpha reliability coefficient was .93 (Martinez et al., 2017).

The postsecondary education-going access aspirations (PEG-AA) scale proposed by Martinez et al. (2017) focuses on students’ ability to sustain hopes and dreams for the future despite real or perceived barriers. PEG-AA has 14 Likert-type questions (from 1 “not important” to 3 “very important”) on college aspirations, resilience, and expectations. In a sample of 163 students, PEG-AA’s alpha reliability coefficient was .69 (Martinez et al., 2017).

The Small Group Work Survey is a short student survey used to understand how small-group activities are working during math lessons. It is part of the broader PMR suite of practical measurement tools designed to support continuous instructional improvement, not formal evaluation. The survey is typically given at the end of a lesson where students worked in groups.

The Practical Measures, Routines & Representations (PMR²) Whole Class Discussion Survey is a short student survey to gather quick feedback about what happens during a whole-class discussion in mathematics. It is part of the PMR² suite of tools developed by researchers to support continuous instructional improvement, not formal teacher evaluation.

The Practical Measures, Routines & Representations (PMR²) Task Analysis Tool is an observation and planning tool used to examine the level of cognitive rigor built into a mathematics task before it is taught. It helps teachers and instructional teams look closely at what students must actually think and do to complete a task successfully. The tool sorts tasks into three categories—Using Procedures, Making Sense of Procedures, and Problem Solving—based on how much reasoning, explanation, and analysis the task requires.