The Instruments

The RS-14 is the short version of the Resilience Scale and is strongly correlated with the Resilience Scale. It consists of 14 of the Resilience Scale items: 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 17, 21, & 23. The scale is a 7-point Likert type scale from 1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree) for each item. Higher scores mean superior levels of resilience tendencies. Scores are calculated by a summation of response values for each item, thus enabling scores to range from 14 to 98.

The Abecedarian Reading Assessment is a comprehensive test that covers the 6 essential domains for reading. The test consists of the decoding, vocabulary, phonological awareness, letter knowledge, phoneme awareness, and knowledge of the alphabetic principle subtests.

The Academic Competence Evaluation Scales (ACES) are questionnaires evaluating social, behavioral, and academic skills related to learning in school. Specifically, ACES measures academic skills in reading, language, mathematics, and critical thinking as well as academic enablers such as motivation, interpersonal skills, engagement, and study skills. 

The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessments (ASEBA) is a comprehensive assessment system designed to assess competencies, strengths, adaptive functioning, and behavioral, emotional and social problems in individuals 1.5 to 90 years of age. The ASEBA is used widely used in the following settings: mental health services, schools, medical settings, child and family services, multicultural assessments, public health agencies and additionally in similar settings.

The State Metacognitive Inventory consists of 20 items that measure self-regulatory processes in high school and college aged students within academic settings. Question items are scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The inventory is comprised of 4 subscales: Awareness, Cognitive strategy, Planning and Self-checking.

This instrument was designed to measure and differentiate empathy and sympathy in adolescents and balance its emphasis on affective and cognitive empathy. The Adolescent Measure of Empathy and Sympathy (AMES), (1) balances the emphasis on affective empathy and cognitive empathy, (2) uses unambiguous wording and (3) distinguishes between empathy and sympathy. The three subscores are affective empathy, cognitive empathy, and sympathy.  

The revised Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire comprises 93 items and 12 scales measuring resilience factors in the domains of self, family, peer, school and community. In this context, examination of resilience factors in each nested level is required to develop a comprehensive measure. Salient adolescent ecological ‘levels’ have been identified as the domains of individual, family, peers, school and community.The ARQ is a pen and paper questionnaire with scales in five domains: individual, family, peers, school and community.

The Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI-2.1) is a 40-item self-reporting inventory that measures parental behaviors and is commonly used to assess the risk of child abuse and neglect. The AAPI-2.1 provides five subscales: expectations of children, parental empathy towards children's needs, use of corporal punishment, parent-child family roles, and children's power and independence. The instrument is offered in English, Spanish, Creole, and Arabic.

The Advanced Placement (AP) U.S. Government and Politics test asseses high school students enrolled in the relevant AP course on their understanding of political concepts, including, for example, their ability to analyze foundational documents and apply SCOTUS decisions to real life scenarios.

The Ages & Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) is a screening instrument that measures developmental performance in young children aged 1 month-5.5 years. Early childhood educators and healthcare professionals use ASQ to collect information from parents on children’s development in five domains: communication, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, problem solving, and personal-social skills. 

The most recent version of ASQ as of 2022 is ASQ-3, the third edition of the instrument. ASQ-3 offers 21 parent/caregiver questionnaires that are used depending on the child's age.

The aimswebPlus math assessments are sold by Pearson. These online assessments include curriculum-based measures (CBM) and a standards-based assessment designed for screening, progress monitoring, and evaluation of intervention.

The aimswebPlus reading subtests screen and monitor the reading skills of PreK–12 students. aimswebPlus also has add-on screeners for behavior and dyslexia.

The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire is a 42-item self-reporting instrument that focuses on positive involvement with children, supervision and monitoring, use of positive discipline techniques, consistency in the use of discipline, and corporal punishment use. The instrument, designed for parents with children 6-18 years of age, can be used for pre- and post-treatment and is offered in both English and Spanish.

The ARC self determination scale, developed in 1995, assesses the self-determination strengths and weaknesses of adolescents with disabilities, facilitates student involvement in their education,  and aids in developing self-determination goals for students. The assessment yields a total self-determination score and four subscores (autonomy, self-regulation, psychological empowerment, and self-realization). Raw scores are converted into percentile scores using available data on norms. An adult version of the scale was developed later. 

The Assessing School Settings: Interactions of Students and Teachers observational measure (ASSIST) is a classroom observation instrument that rates social processes occurring in the classroom. The instrument was initially developed to evaluate students' and teachers' behaviors using the Positive Behavior Intervention and Support (PBIS), however, recent updates have primarily focused on teachers. Teachers' behaviors are rated through event‐based tallies and global ratings. The measure has been used to evaluate the effects of school-wide interventions, and the relationship between teacher and student behaviors.

Assessing Teacher Learning About Science Teaching (ATLAST) measures teacher knowledge in a specific content area. Assessments exist in the following content areas: Flow of Matter and Energy in Living Systems; Force and Motion; and Plate Tectonics. All questions are set in instructional contexts, with some items requiring teachers to analyze student thinking or to choose among instructional responses to student thinking. The measure has been used as a pre- and post-test to assess the effects of professional development programs. There are also corresponding student written assessments.

This assessment is designed to assess the mindsets of mathematics teachers at the middle and high school levels in teaching mathematics to African American students. The purpose of the survey is to provide an indication of (a) teachers’ mindsets that may be productive or unproductive in supporting the mathematical learning of African American students; (b) teachers’ awareness of and attribution for success and challenges in African American students’ learning of mathematics; and (c) teachers’ feelings of self-efficacy and/or support in enacting equitable instruction.

The Attributions of Mathematical Excellence Scale (AMES) is designed to assess elementary teachers' beliefs about why students excel or struggle in mathematics. Its focus lies specifically on teachers' systems of racialized and gendered attribution beliefs.

The BADER Reading and Language Inventory was constructed for use by teachers of K–12 and adult students to determine students' literacy levels, plan instruction, and make referrals to appropriate specialists. Portions of this test can also be used for quick screening or initial placement for students. 

The Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory is a 133-item self-report inventory, in which items are responded to on a five-point Likert scale. Items are summed to reflect a total score as well as scoring in five dimensions (Intrapersonal intelligence, Interpersonal intelligence, Adaptability, Stress management, and General mood).

The Basic Empathy Scale (BES) was based specifically on the definition of empathy put forth by Cohen and Strayer (1996) ‘‘as the understanding and sharing in another’s emotional state or context’’. Items within the Basic Empathy Scale were created based on the conceptualization of affective and cognitive empathy. Items for the BES were also based on four of the five ‘basic emotions’ (fear, sadness, anger, happiness).

The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID) measures the development of infants and young children (aged 16 days-42 months). Conducted by trained examiners, BSID includes several developmental play tasks to assess cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior development. BSID’s most recent fourth version was created in 2019.

Five inventories each contain 20 questions about thoughts, feelings, and behaviors associated with emotional and social impairment in youth. Children and adolescents describe how frequently the statement has been true for them during the past two weeks, including today.

The Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC), which is sold by Pearson, aims to measure adaptive behaviors, problem behaviors, and individual thoughts and feelings. It contains multiple evaluation forms: Teacher Rating Scales (TRS) and the Student Observation System (SOS) to be completed by a teacher; Parent Rating Scales (PRS), the Parenting Relationship Questionnaire (PRQ), and the Structured Developmental History (SDH) to be completed by a parent, and the Self-Report of Personality (SRP) to be completed by the student.

The BRIEF was developed in 2000 and assesses a student's executive functioning in the home and school. It includes parent response forms and teacher response forms. Designed to assess the abilities of a broad range of children and adolescents, the BRIEF is useful when working with children who have learning disabilities and attention disorders, traumatic brain injuries, lead exposure, pervasive developmental disorders, depression, and other developmental, neurological, psychiatric, and medical conditions.

The BERS-2 measures personal strengths and competencies in children 5-18. The BERS-2 is a multi-modal assessment system that measures the child's behavior from three perspectives: the child (Youth Rating Scale), parent (Parent Rating Scale), and teacher or other professional (Teacher Rating Scale). The BERS-2 measures six aspects of a child's strength: interpersonal strength, involvement with family, intrapersonal strength, school functioning, affective strength, and career strength.

The Behavioral Observation of Students in Schools (BOSS) is an observation-based system for coding classroom behavior. BOSS is also useful for measuring ADHD symptoms as it has been shown to differentiate between children with ADHD and typically developing children. BOSS allows systematic recording of children's behaviors in the following domains: active engaged time, passive engagement time, off-task motor activity, off-task verbal behavior, off-task passive behaviors, and teacher-directed instruction. 

The Belonging Uncertainty Scale is an assessment of an individual's worry that they do not fit into a certain group or setting. The 3 question items that constitute this scale are scored on a seven-point Likert scale.

The Inventory of Early Development III (IED III) is a comprehensive tool that contains over 100 assessments (including literacy assessments) that are aligned to state and national standards as well as IDEA requirements. The tool can be used to provide ongoing assessment, monitor progress, and write IEPs for students from birth to grade 8. The IED III offers both criterion-referenced and norm-referenced measures.

The CCTDI (P. A. Facione & N. C. Facione, 1992) was developed, validated, and used to assess students’ disposition toward critical thinking (CT). It consisted of 75 statements, divided into seven subscales: Truth-seeking, Open-mindedness, Analyticity, Systematicity, Self-confidence, Inquisitiveness, and Maturity. Responses were made on a 6-point Likert-type scale. The CCTDI reports a total score, which is the sum of its seven subscales, ranging from 70 to 420. A total score more than 280 indicates a positive overall disposition toward CT.