The Instruments

The Maryland Safe and Supports School Survey was developed by the Johns Hopkins Center for Youth Violence Prevention in collaboration with project partners. Researchers from the Center undertook a comprehensive review of the literature focusing on the 3 domains of school climate (safety, engagement, and the environment) included in the USDOE model.

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Maslach Burnout Inventory: Educators Survey (MBI-ES) is a version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory measuring professional burnout among educators (teachers, staff, and volunteers). It contains 22 items examining emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from "never" to "every day."

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching (MKT) instrument measures the specialized knowledge of K-8 teachers of mathematics use in teaching. These measures include items that reflect the real mathematics tasks teachers face in classrooms, such as assessing student work, representing numbers and operations, and explaining common mathematical rules or procedures. Assessments composed of these problems can be used to measure the effectiveness of mathematics-focused professional development.

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Mathematical Quality of Instruction (MQI) is a Common Core-aligned observational rubric that provides a framework for analyzing mathematics instruction. Observers rate instruction across five domains: common core-aligned student practices; working with students and mathematics; richness of mathematics; errors and imprecision; and, classroom work. Although originally designed for research use, the MQI can be used as a tool to support teachers' professional development.

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Mathematics Scan (M-Scan) is a classroom observation tool designed to show how well mathematics instruction aligns with the vision set by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). It focuses on what high-quality, standards-based math teaching looks like in practice and provides a structured way to capture that information during a lesson.

The Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument (MTEBI) is a domain-specific modification of the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (STEBI). The MTEBI measures pre-service teachers‘ beliefs regarding mathematical instruction, students' ability to learn mathematics and teachers‘ sense of efficacy in teaching mathematics. This instrument measures mathematics efficacy beliefs in preservice teachers. The MTEBI consists of 21 items on each of two scales: Personal Mathematics Teaching Efficacy and Mathematics Teaching Outcome Expectancy.

Subscales within the article are: Critical Awareness, Heritage Language Expectations, Cultural Content Integration. The authors reported that honoring students’ heritage language (i.e., Spanish) is the mediating element through which cultural content integration predicts mathematics achievement for Latino children. 

Physical and verbal aggression is a 20‐item scale (e.g.,” I threaten others”, “I get into fights) with five control items. Target items offer a description of a child’s behavior aimed at hurting others physically and verbally (Pastorelli et. al. 1997). Prosocial behavior was assessed by 10 items in terms of helpfulness, sharing, kindness, and cooperativeness (e.g., “I try to help others “) (Caprara & Pastorelli, 1993).

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Measuring MESH surveys assess students' Mindsets, Essential Skills and Habits (MESH). The surveys can be used to inform instruction and programming. Subscore(s): There are four subscores: Self-management, Growth mindset, Self-efficacy, Social awareness

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The MTQ-48 assesses total MT and comprises four dimensions: challenge, commitment, confidence (subdivided into two components; interpersonal and own ability) and control (partitioned into two components; emotional and life). The MTQ-18 and MTQ-10 use items drawn directly from the MTQ-48. Subscore(s): Goal Directed Behavior, Confidence, Achievement, Risk 

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Mental Toughness Scale for Adolescents, examines the attributes of challenge, commitment, confidence (abilities and interpersonal), and control (life and emotion).

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Meriden School Climate Survey-Student Version is a 47-item survey of students‘ perception of adult support at school, school safety, respect for differences, adult support at home, including academic support, student aggression toward others, and peer support.

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) measures students' self-assessments of how well they use reading strategies when working with academic or school-based texts. It is designed to help students increase metacognition and to be more strategic in their approach to reading. Subscore(s): There are three reading strategies scores: Global strategies, Problem solving strategies, Support reading strategies

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Metacognitive Performance Assessment (MPA) measures metacognition in mathematical problem solving.

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Metacognitive Skills Teacher Questionnaire is an 8-item teacher-respondent assessment of children's metacognitive abilities.

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

Middle Grades Survey of Student Engagement (MSSSE) measures students perceptions about their school work, the learning environment, and the school community. The MSSSE can help school staff to plan and implement interventions designed to promote school engagement. Subscore(s): There are three subscores: Cognitive engagement, Emotional engagement, Behavioral/social engagement

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The MSLS measures students use of cognitive, behavioral and metacognitive learning strategies. Subscore(s): There are three subscores: Cognitive, Behavioral, Metacognitive strategy use

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Middle Years Development Instrument (MDI) is a self-report measure designed to assess children's wellbeing inside and outside of school. Subscore(s): There are five subscores: Social and emotional development, Connectedness to peers and adults at school, at home, and in the neighborhood, School experiences, Physical health, Wellbeing and constructive use of time after school

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale-Adolescents (MAAS-A) assesses mindfulness in children and adolescents.

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

53 items are organized into “mega”‐scales for positive and negative affect, inappropriate affect, positive and negative involvement with activities and environment, impulsivity (negative reactions to frustration), positive reactions to frustration, aggression/unusual behaviors, social isolation, peer skills, and empathy/prosocial behavior. Thus, many elements of emotional competence, as well as some elements of social problem solving (e.g., deals with frustration by verbalizing the problem), and numerous relationship skills, are tapped by the MPAC. Has been recently shortened by Denham and computerized version is in the works.

The Misconceptions-Oriented Standards-Based Assessment Resources for Teachers (MOSART) is a set of teacher knowledge assessments linked to the NRC National Science Education Standards. Assessments are broken down by grade level (K-4, 5-8, and 9-12) and by content area (physical science, earth science, space science, and life science). Assessments are multiple choice with each question asking for the scientifically correct answer (to measure subject matter knowledge) as well as the most popular incorrect answer given by students (to measure knowledge of student misconceptions). Student assessments with items linked to teacher assessments are also available.

The Mission Skills Assessment (MSA) is an online assessment that targets 6 noncognitive constructs: creativity, curiosity, ethics, resilience, teamwork, and time management. Each construct is measured by means of a student self-report scale, a student alternative scale (e.g., situational judgment test), and a teacher report scale. Use of the MSA provides schools with the opportunity to examine and monitor development of noncognitive skills in their students from Grade 6 to Grade 8. Three methods of measurement were incorporated into the MSA for each construct: traditional Likert self-report items, Likert teacher-report items, and an alternate type of assessment (e.g., situational judgments). Subscore(s): Ethics, Teamwork, Resilience, Creativity, Curiosity, Time Management

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Missouri Higher Education Civics Examination is required for all undergraduates enrolled in a Missouri two-year or four-year college on or after July 1, 2019. It consists of 50 questions and assesses students' knowledge on the U.S. Constitution, U.S. Bill of Rights, governmental institutions, historical manifestations of federalism, and the history of constitutional interpretation and amendments.

The Modeling-Based Teaching Observation Protocol (MBTOP) is a classroom observation protocol that measures the quality of teachers’ modeling-based teaching in science. Developed by Shi and colleagues in 2021, it assesses 18 indicators of modeling-based teaching performance (MBTP) across five performance levels. The tool focuses on how well teachers engage students in scientific modeling practices, including developing, using, testing, and revising models.

The Morgan-Jinks Student Efficacy Scale can be used to provide practitioners with insights into children's perceptions of their own academic self-efficacy. Subscore(s): There are three subscores: Talent, Context, Effort

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The MSLQ assesses learning strategies and motivation in college students. The motivation scales assess (1) value (intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientation, task value), (2) expectancy (control beliefs about learning, self-efficacy); and (3) affect (test anxiety). The learning strategies section is comprised of nine scales which can be distinguished as cognitive, metacognitive, and resource management strategies. The cognitive strategies scales include (a) rehearsal, (b) elaboration, (c) organization, and (d) critical thinking. Metacognitive strategies are assessed by one large scale that includes planning, monitoring, and regulating strategies. Resource management strategies include (a) managing time and study environment; (b) effort management, (c) peer learning, and (d) help-seeking. Subscore(s): Motivation, Value, Expectancy, Affect, Learning Strategies

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Motivation and Engagement Scale consists of eleven motivation and engagement subscales congruent with the eleven first-order factors in the Wheel.

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Motivation and Goals measure asks students to report how often they try to be social responsible, learn new things, and earn positive school evaluations. Subscore(s): There are four subscores: Prosocial goals, Compliance goals, Mastery goals, Evaluation goals

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The Motivations for Reading Questionnaire (MRQ) assesses students' motivation to read. Subscore(s): There are 11 subscores: Reading efficacy, Reading challenge, Reading curiosity, Reading involvement, Importance of reading, Reading work avoidance, Competition in reading, Recognition for reading, Reading for grades, Social reasons for reading, Compliance

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.

The MSCEIT tests the respondent's ability to perceive, use, understand, and regulate emotions. Using every-day life scenarios, the MSCEIT assesses how well an individual can react to and solve emotional problems as well as solve tasks. It was designed for use in corporate, educational, research, and therapeutic settings. Rather than a subjective assessment of one's own emotional intelligence, the MSCEIT uses a performance-based approach. There are many subscores reported in addition to total emotional intelligence (EIQ). These include two area scores for experiential EIQ and strategic EIQ. There are also branch scores of perceiving emotions, managing emotions, using emotions, and understanding emotions.  Subscore(s): Emotional regulation

Note: The overview provided for this instrument includes content that may have been sourced from the instrument publisher's or author’s website (or other site providing information about the instrument). This information is presented for educational and informational purposes only. If you have any questions about the content or its permitted uses, please contact annenberg@brown.edu.