Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)
Expert NotesStrengths:Strong internal consistency and test–retest reliability; Sensitive to change over time (useful for tracking intervention effects); Applicable across settings (mental health, education, workforce, etc.)
Cautions:Not specific to education or academic contexts (needs interpretation for higher ed use); Scores can be influenced by current mood or temporary stress levels
The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is a survey that measures how well a person can cope with stress and recover from difficult situations. It treats resilience as something that can change over time, and that may improve with support or treatment, especially for conditions like anxiety,…Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ)
Expert NotesStrengths:Most widely used instrument designed to capture multiple aspects of learning and motivation; includes both motivation (e.g., intrinsic goal orientation, task value) and learning strategies (e.g., effort regulation, time and study environment management) Strong predictor of academic performance (e.g., course achievement).
Cautions:Limited validation across diverse populations: Much of the research has been conducted with less diverse samples, and studies with more diverse student populations have found weaker model fit, suggesting the measure may not function the same across contexts. Self-report limitations: Students may have difficulty accurately reporting their learning strategies, especially when reflecting on complex or unconscious processes.
The MSLQ assesses learning strategies and motivation in college students. The motivation scales assess (1) value (intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientation, task value), (2) expectancy (control beliefs about learning, self-efficacy); and (3) affect (test anxiety). The learning strategies section is…Adapted State Metacognitive Inventory
Expert NotesStrengths:Sensitive to short-term changes in metacognitive monitoring and control. Applicable across academic tasks and experimental learning settings.
Cautions:Susceptibility to hindsight bias. Limited evidence of consistent factor structure across contexts and populations.
The State Metacognitive Inventory consists of 20 items that measure self-regulatory processes in high school and college aged students within academic settings. Question items are scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The inventory is comprised…Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI)
Expert NotesStrengths:Cautions:Topics: Student LearningThe Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) measures students' self-assessments of how well they use reading strategies when working with academic or school-based texts. It is designed to help students increase metacognition and to be more strategic in their approach to…Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (3rd Edition) (LASSI)
Expert NotesStrengths:Strong predictive validity for academic performance and retention outcomes. Widely used diagnostic tool in academic support and advising contexts.
Cautions:Length may be burdensome in large survey batteries. Limited cultural validation across diverse student populations.
The Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (3rd Edition) (LASSI) assesses awareness and use of learning and study strategies. It can be used diagnostically and prescriptively, for planning remediation enrichment, or as a pre-post measure for program evaluation. Subscore(s): There are 10 subscores:…