Strengthening School Connectedness to Increase Student Success
Category: Student Well-Being and Mental Health
Teachers were asked to complete one for each student in their class as a way to identify high-risk children. Teachers were asked to describe, among other things, whether the child completed assignments, was friendly, broke rules, was disobedient, fought, or yelled at others. Teachers used a Likert scale of 0 to 5, with responses including almost never (0), rarely (1), sometimes (2), often (3), very often (4), and almost always (5). The original measure was 16 items, later revised by discarding two and adding 21 more. The items are aggregated into four subscales (Overt Aggression Subscale, Oppositional Subscale, Covert Antisocial Subscale, Authority Acceptance Subscale). For those looking for a scale with less cost and time to administer than the structured interview session, the TOCA-C was been developed in 2009. The TOCA-Checklist is a written, checklist-based version of the TOCA-R.
Content
Grades
Kindergarten,
4
Languages
English
Respondent
Teacher
Administration Information
Length
35 minutes
Qualifications
Interviewer must be trained in administration of the TOCA-R.
Administration
Paper
Access and Use
Price
Free, but must contact researcher for use.
Contact
Dr. Sheppard Kellam
skellam@jhu.edu
410-614-0680
Open Access
Yes
Use in Research
Harnish, J. D., Dodge, K. A., Valente, E., & Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. (1995). Mother‐child interaction quality as a partial mediator of the roles of maternal depressive symptomatology and socioeconomic status in the development of child behavior problems. Conduct problems prevention research group. Child Development, 66(3), 739-753. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00902.x
Linares, L. O., Rosbruch, N., Stern, M. B., Edwards, M. E., Walker, G., Abikoff, H. B., & Alvir, J. M. J. (2005). Developing cognitive‐social‐emotional competencies to enhance academic learning. Psychology in the Schools, 42(4), 405-417. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20066
Petras, H., Chilcoat, H. D., Leaf, P. J., Ialongo, N. S., & Kellam, S. G. (2004). Utility of TOCA-R scores during the elementary school years in identifying later violence among adolescent males. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(1), 88-96. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200401000-00018
Reid, M. J., Webster-Stratton, C., & Baydar, N. (2004). Halting the development of conduct problems in Head Start children: The effects of parent training. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(2), 279-291. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3302_10
Psychometrics
Scoring
Manual scoring
Psychometric References
See technical manual:
https://www.fasttrackproject.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/08/shf1tech-1.pdf
National Comparison
No
Item Type
Likert
