Strengthening School Connectedness to Increase Student Success
Category: Student Well-Being
Instrument Overview
Pianta’s scales (Pianta, 1997; Pianta & Nimetz, 1991; Pianta, Steinberg, & Rollins, 1995), yield measures of the child's relationship with his/her teacher, regarding whether the relationship is conflicted, warm, troubled, open, or dependent.
Organization
Topic
Collection Category(ies)
American Institutes for Research® partnered with the Annenberg Institute at Brown University to collect instruments related to student well-being.
Content
Grades
< 3 Years,
Pre-Kindergarten,
Kindergarten,
1st Grade,
2nd Grade,
3rd Grade,
4th Grade,
5th Grade
Keywords
Healthy relationships
Respondent
Teacher
Administration Information
Length
The scales are quick for teachers to complete, approximately 5 – 10 minutes.
Access and Use
Setting
Classroom
Psychometrics (additional guidance)
Psychometric References
Pianta, R. C. (1997). Adult‐child relationship processes and early schooling. Early Education and Development,
8, 11‐26.
Pianta, R. C., & Nimetz, S. L. (1991). The student‐teacher relationship scale: Results of a pilot study. Journal of
Applied Developmental Psychology, 12, 379‐393.
Pianta, R. C., & Steinberg, M. (1992). Teacher‐child relationships and the process of adjusting to school. New
Directions for Child Development, 57, 61‐80.
Pianta, R. C., Steinberg, M., & Rollins, K. (1995). The first two years of school: Teacher‐child relationships and
deflections in children’s classroom adjustment. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 295‐312.
Ramos‐Marcuse, F., & Arsenio, W. F. (2001). Young children’s emotionally‐charged moral narratives: Relations
with attachment and behavior problems. Early Education and Development, 12, 165‐184.
Saft, E. W., & Pianta, R. C. (2001). Teachers' perceptions of their relationships with student: Effects of child
age, gender, and ethnicity of teachers and children. School Psychology Quarterly, 16, 125‐141.
