Strengthening School Connectedness to Increase Student Success
Category: Student Well-Being and Mental Health
The Self-Construal scale is a 30 items scale used to measure how people view themselves in relation to others. 2 subscales; interdependent self-construal and independent self-construal, comprise this scale. Each item is answered using a 7-point rating scale (1=strongly disagree, 4=neither agree or disagree, and 7=strongly agree). 15 items measure how much the repondent sees their self as separate, unique, and indepedentfrom others, while 15 items measure how much the respondent sees their self as connected, similar, and interdependent with others. Researchers have used the Self-Construal Scale with teens and adults from a wide range of socioeconomic, ethnic, and national backgrounds, including Americans of African, Asian, European, Latinx, Native, and Pacific Islander heritages who live on a low income or are working-class.
Content
Grades
Post secondary
Languages
English
Respondent
Student
Administration Information
Length
3-5 minutes
Qualifications
None
Administration
Paper
Access and Use
Price
Free
Contact
Author: Theodore Singelis
tsingelis@csuchico.edu
530-898-4009
Open Access
Yes
Use in Research
Escalas, J. E., & Bettman, J. R. (2005). Self-construal, reference groups, and brand meaning. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(3), 378-389. https://doi.org/10.1086/497549
Konrath, S., Bushman, B. J., & Grove, T. (2009). Seeing my world in a million little pieces: Narcissism, self‐construal, and cognitive–perceptual Style. Journal of Personality, 77(4), 1197-1228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00579.x
Sato, T., & Cameron, J. E. (1999). The relationship between collective self-esteem and self-construal in Japan and Canada. The Journal of Social Psychology, 139(4), 426-435. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224549909598402
Yamada, A. M., & Singelis, T. M. (1999). Biculturalism and self-construal. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 23(5), 697-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-1767(99)00016-4
Yeh, C. J. (2002). Taiwanese students' gender, age, interdependent and independent self-construal, and collective self-esteem as predictors of professional psychological help-seeking attitudes. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 8(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.8.1.19
Psychometrics
Scoring
Manual scoring
Psychometric References
Bresnahan, M. J., Levine, T. R., Shearman, S. M., Lee, S. Y., Park, C. Y., & Kiyomiya, T. (2005). A multimethod multitrait validity assessment of self-construal in Japan, Korea, and the United States. Human Communication Research, 31(1), 33-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2005.tb00864.x
Grace, S. L., & Cramer, K. L. (2003). The elusive nature of self-measurement: The self-construal scale versus the twenty statements test. The Journal of Social Psychology, 143(5), 649-668. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540309598469
Hardin, E. E., Leong, F. T. L., & Bhagwat, A. A. (2004). Factor structure of the Self-Construal Scale revisited: Implications for the multidimensionality of self-construal. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35(3), 327–345. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022104264125
Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(5), 580-591. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167294205014
Item Type
Likert
