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Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale (PSSM)

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Instrument Overview

The Psychological Sense of School Membership includes 18-items that measure adolescent students' perceived belonging or psychological membership in the school environment.

Organization

Topic
Student Well-Being
Collection(s): AIR Student Well-Being
Collection Category(ies)
School / Classroom Climate and Belonging

American Institutes for Research® partnered with the Annenberg Institute at Brown University to collect instruments related to student well-being.

Tags
Belonging,
School climate and culture

Content

Grades
6th Grade,
7th Grade,
8th Grade,
9th Grade,
10th Grade,
11th Grade,
12th Grade
Keywords
Student Well-Being ; Belonging ; Student belonging ; School environment ; Adolescent students ; Perceived belonging ; School membership
Respondent
Student

Administration Information

Length
18 items
Administration
Paper

Access and Use

Contact

Aquire permission from the developer, Carol Goodenow, before use.

Link
https://youthrex.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/PSSM-Scale.pdf
Setting
Schoolwide

Psychometrics (additional guidance)

Psychometric References

Goodenow, C. (1993). The psychological sense of school membership among adolescents: Scale development and educational correlates. Psychology in the Schools, 30(1), 79-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6807(199301)30:1<79::AID-PITS2310300113>3.0.CO;2-X

Whiting, E. F., Everson, K. C., & Feinauer, E. (2018). The simple school belonging scale: Working toward a unidimensional measure of student belonging. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 51(3), 163-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2017.1358057